Consumer Protection — 1986 to 2019 Reference
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 vs Consumer Protection Act, 2019 — type a section number to find its 2019 equivalent, plus a topic-wise comparison covering CCPA, e-commerce, product liability and revised jurisdiction limits.
For reference only: This comparison is a general educational reference and does not constitute legal advice. Always verify from the official Government of India Gazette Notifications or India Code (indiacode.nic.in) before relying on any provision. — ASK Law Xperts, Rohini, Delhi.
| Topic | COPRA 1986 | CPA 2019 |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory Authority | No central authority; only consumer forums | CCPA (Central Consumer Protection Authority) — suo motu powers, product recall, AD ban New |
| Jurisdiction — District Forum / Commission | Up to ₹20 lakhs | Up to ₹50 lakh (current — 2021 Rules; CPA 2019 as enacted was ₹1 crore) Revised |
| Jurisdiction — State Commission | ₹20 lakhs to ₹1 crore | ₹50 lakh to ₹2 crore (current — 2021 Rules; CPA 2019 as enacted was ₹1 cr–₹10 cr) Revised |
| Jurisdiction — National Commission | Above ₹1 crore | Above ₹2 crore (current — 2021 Rules; CPA 2019 as enacted was above ₹10 cr) Revised |
| E-commerce | Not covered | Explicitly covered — online platforms, direct sellers liable New |
| Product Liability | Limited — only defect in goods | Chapter VI — Manufacturer, seller AND service provider ALL liable; strict liability for unsafe products New |
| Misleading Advertisements | No specific provision for ad liability | Endorsers (celebrities) also liable for misleading ads; CCPA can impose penalties New |
| Mediation | No mediation mechanism | Consumer Mediation Cells — faster resolution before forum proceedings New |
| Unfair Trade Practice | S.2(r) — Limited definition | S.2(47) — Expanded; includes digital trade practices, fake reviews Expanded |
| Complaint Filing | Physical filing only at respective forum | E-filing from anywhere; complaint can be filed where complainant resides Simplified |
| Time Limit for Decision | No strict timeline | 3 months (no laboratory testing); 5 months (with testing) New timeline |
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